User:Bera6278

The goal of the project is to provide an intuitive means of visual indication for commuters who are looking for available parking within a specific garage in downtown Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.

=Problem Definition= Park-IT-CdA is a parking garage monitoring system located in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho at the parking garage between 3rd and 4th Avenue and along Coeur d’Alene Avenue. It is capable of detecting when a car is parked in a stall and will relay this information to a server which will monitor the parking garage’s statistics such as: time from entering the garage to finding a stall, average time a stall is occupied, average number of stalls used.

Background
Too much time and effort are spent by those looking for a place to park in one or more garages in downtown Coeur d’ Alene. Commuters would benefit greatly from a system that indicates whether there are spaces available for parking within a parking garage. The Garage Sensor System (GSS) will allow people to find open parking spaces, and hopefully provide this information before they enter the garage. The means of indication will be via LEDs; a green light means there is an open stall, where a red means the stall is currently occupied by another vehicle. This is not the complete functionality of the system, but rather a level of abstraction for the consumer; the data that is measured/collected, will be distributed from device to device via a mesh network, then sent through a gateway where it will be received at The Den as a means of data collection for possible further research. A companion app may or may not be added if necessary.

Deliverables

 * 5 GSU’s which includes the enclosure, computer hardware – sensors, LEDs, embedded system.
 * 1 Gateway to be installed on the roof of the Innovation Den.
 * Software to run the GSS – Arduino sketches, simulation.
 * User manual on how to operate the GSUs and simulation.
 * This portfolio including all documentation of the requirements, design process, project learning, communications, design solution and references.

Specifications

 * 5 prototypes will need to be made; 3 for inside the garage, 1 for the entrance and 1 for the exit. The rest of the project will be simulated.
 * Units will be roughly no larger than 4” X 4” X 4” but may be smaller if possible.
 * Each unit needs to be able to last for at least 1 year via battery power.
 * The medium used for vehicle detection can be any type of sensor, or other device capable of detection, so long as it meets the rest of the project requirements.
 * The medium used for communication between devices/server, can be any type, so long as it is wireless, and meets the rest of the project requirements.
 * The units need to be affixed to the garage via some means of adhesion that is non-permanent.
 * Each unit should have a way of being reset, for maintenance, error occurrence, etc.
 * Units will need to have the ability of a deep sleep mode, waking via hardware interrupt, or set intervals.

=Design Considerations=

Functional Requirements
User Interface

There are 3 categories of users of the GSS.
 * Drivers – people who use the garage and park inside it. Drivers interact with the GSS when they park their car in a stall that is monitored by a GSU.
 * Maintenance staff – a person who must monitor the physical condition of each GSU and clean them, change batteries as required.
 * Owner – the person who owns the garage must be able to see the real time statistics of the garage.

What it should do
 * The GSS is comprised of 5 GSUs.
 * The GSS must periodically check and accurately detect whether a car is parked in a stall
 * A Garage Sensor Unit (GSU) is assigned to a parking stall and must indicate externally with LEDs whether a stall is occupied or available
 * The LEDs of the GSU must always be solid, or blink at a rate to not cause seizures. All LEDS must blink at the same time
 * The GSU must use sensor(s) to determine whether a car is parked in a stall
 * One GSU must be placed at the entry of the parking garage
 * One GSU must be placed at the exit of the parking garage
 * The GSUs must be arranged in a mesh network
 * The GSUs must determine amongst themselves which will be the Garage System Master (GSM)
 * The GSM must rotate on a periodic basis to conserve battery life
 * The GSUs must transmit data periodically about the state of their parking stall to the GSM
 * The GSUs must be synchronized to be able to send and receive the data periodically
 * The GSU must operate at a speed fast enough to send and receive the data reliably
 * The GSM must transmit data periodically about the status of all GSUs to the Garage Sensor Gateway (GSG) at the Innovation Den on top of the roof
 * The GSG must relay this information to the server at the Innovation Den downstairs
 * The server must process this data and simulate the rest of the parking garage
 * The Parking Garage Simulator (PGS) must be located on the server
 * The PGS must display statistics of the parking garage such as the number of and location of currently occupied stalls, number and location of available stalls, average time from entry to find a stall.

Mechanical Requirements
The GSS consists of 5 GSUs located in the garage and a GSG at the Innovation Den.

Strength The GSU must be capable of supporting its own weight.

Spatial The enclosure of a GSU must fit within the following: Or equivalent volume in cubic inches (64 in3)
 * Length 4 in
 * Width 4 in
 * Height 4 in

Weight/Mass The mass of the GSU must be light enough that it will not fall from its mounting point – see 5.4.

Mounting / Interface
 * The GSU must be mounted to a concrete ceiling.
 * The method of mounting used must not cause any permanent damage and be removeable leaving no evidence of having been there.
 * The GSU must be removeable from the mounting bracket used.

Appearance o	CMYK 0-27-100-0 o	RGB 241-179-0 o	#F1B300
 * The GSU will have a bubble-dome camera cover over it. The dome is not part of the 4”x4”x4” spatial requirement.
 * The GSU must display the UofI colors – gold, silver, black, white
 * The following are the primary colors used by UofI and the values used for printers, images, websites, etc.
 * Pride Gold
 * Pantone 3514 C

•	Silver o	CMYK 0-0-0-50 o	RGB 128-128-128 o	#808080

•	White o	CMYK 0-0-0-0 o	RGB 255-255-255 o	#FFFFFF

•	Black o	CMYK 20-20-20-100 o	RGB 25-25-25 o	#191919

•	Metallic Gold o	PMS Metallic 871

Durability The GSU must be constructed to handle the environment that it will be located – (see section 8). A GSU must be able to last 5 years.

Reliability Each GSU must be able to operate for 1 year continuously on one battery charge. Maintenance must be performed at the 1-year mark to clean the surface of the sensors/dome and change batteries.

Electrical Requirements Operational Voltage

•	The GSU must be capable of running off batteries/battery packs •	During operation the voltage of the GSU must run at 3.3V to power all hardware

Operational Power Capability During operation, the GSU must be capable of supplying enough power for all electronic components.

Energy Storage Capacity

•	The batteries of the GSU must have enough capacity to run for a year •	The hardware and software must minimize power usage •	The GSU must have the ability to go into a sleep mode to conserve battery life •	The total mass of the batteries must not be so high as to compromise the mounting system

Software Requirements Functionality •	The software for this project will consist of the control software for the GSU and the simulation •	The GSU software must interface with the sensors to identify when a parking stall is occupied •	The GSU must be in a sleep state to conserve battery when not transmitting or detecting •	The GSU must be activated from its sleep state when a (1) sensor detects a car in its parking stall •	The GSU must use all its sensors to confirm whether the first sensor successfully detected a car or not •	The GSU must have multiple sensor activation positives to confirm that a car is parked or not •	The GSS must be able to have the time synchronized to provide consistent LED blinking •	Each GSU must be able to communicate with every other GSU in a wireless mesh network •	There must be a priority system in place to determine which of the GSUs will be the GSM •	The GSUs must transmit its data to the GSM periodically •	The GSM must periodically transmit all the GSU data wirelessly to the GSG located at the Den •	All communication between the GSUs and the gateway must provide Integrity and Availability of the CIA triad •	The GSG at the Den will have the ability to be able to remotely reset all the GSUs. •	The simulation software must use the data received from the GSG to perform a simulation of the entire garage •	The simulation must graphically display the current state of each parking stall, the average time from when a car enters the parking garage to when it parks, the number of occupied stalls and number of available stalls

User Interface •	If time permits, an IOS or Android app will be created to provide a visual user interface for drivers of the car park •	The app must contain the same information as the PGS •	The GSU will be able to be provisioned when installing in a parking stall

Environmental Requirements Temperature The GSS must have full operational capabilities in a sheltered outdoor environment and run under industrial temperatures (-40 to +85 C).

Environmental Sealing The unit is not expected to be directly exposed to rain. However, water – brought in from vehicles during wet and snowy weather, dust – from wind, oil from vehicles and smoke from vehicles is expected. •	The GSU must be waterproof and dust tight •	The external sensors of the GSU must be able to perform without maintenance for a year with any debris build up that does occur

Regulatory Requirements FCC Requirements The GSS must comply with all FCC requirements when transmitting wirelessly.

Cost Requirements The cost to build and install 5 prototype GSUs, including test units, batteries and housings, must not exceed $1500.

=Project Learning=

=Final Design=

=Validation= Vehicle Detection and Indication The unit needs to be in an active traffic/parking zone and monitored to verify the following: The LED indicator will blink Green periodically, to indicate that the stall is empty. It will need to do this while the rest of the system is asleep. Upon the detection of a heat signature (vehicle) it will wake, triple-verify that the vehicle has entered the space, and change the indication color from Green to Red. It will then need to go back to sleep and blink Red periodically, while the system is asleep, and until there is a change in the stall. Various vehicles will need to be verified to ensure that all types are detected, and that the radius of the PIR as well as the range of both the PIR and Ultrasonic sensors are catching any vehicle, while also not updating falsely due to the presence of a vehicle that is not within the lines of the stall in which this particular unit operates.

LED Indication The LED always needs to be visible. This means testing its visibility during the morning, afternoon and night. The LEDs on each of the units should not drift so much as to cause a strobing effect in the garage.

Hardware Enclosure The enclosure for the parking unit should be tested on a similar surface to that of the parking garage ceiling, with different strengths of mounting tape, to ensure that it holds indefinitely, without the risk of damaging a vehicle or damage to the surface on which it is mounted. It will need to be placed in a test area and left for enough time so as to ensure that it is still holding strong, and will continue to do so.

Mesh Network These are the milestones and things that need to be tested on the Mesh Network to conclude that it is performing as expected. A GSM can be determined on power on and on a periodic basis thereafter. If the network is already present, a new GSU being added needs to be able to find the GSM and join the network, otherwise it is going to become a GSM for a different network. GSUs can transmit data to the GSM either directly or via another GSU. GSUs wake up on a timer to transmit, then go back to sleep. The GSUs and GSM need to be in sync with one another to send and receive data. The receiver is only going to be active for a short period since it uses ~20mA while active. The GSM can transmit data to the GSG at the Den. This needs to be done on a periodic basis to clear the memory of the GSM since we don’t have a lot of memory to work with. Data transmitted is encrypted – the payload needs to be encrypted since anyone with a LoRa radio would be able to receive the packets and decipher them. Especially since some of the messages will be control signals.

Data Collection The GSUs need to be able to store the sensor data and a timestamp. The GSM needs to store its own data and other GSU data until it transmits to the GSG. This data will be transient. The server in the Den will permanently store all data that comes in. Data will also need to be collected to calibrate the vehicle detection software. This means recording the average time that a commuter takes to park, to leave and the duration in which their vehicle is occupying a stall.

Data Analysis The Simulation needs to take in this data to analyze and so that it can work out average time from car entry to carpark occupancy.

=Team Members=

=Additional Documentation=

Project Schedule



Meeting Minutes

Presentations



Client Interview