Testbed for Generator Torque Oscillations

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Sponsor SEL
Team Name Shockwave
Duration Fall 2019 - Spring 2020
Faculty Advisor Dr. Brian Johnson
Mentor Hussain Beleed

Brian Johnson, Ph.D., P.E.

Clients Matchyaraju Alla / SEL
Team Members Zuhao Zhou

Yutong Chen

Changyao Xu

Quan Yan

Disturbance on power systems such a faults, large variations in power generation or power consumption can cause oscillations in phase angle, frequency, voltage magnitude, which in turn combine to result in oscillations in real and reactive power generation. The response of synchronous generators can be characterized using the solution to the swing equation for most cases, which represents the angle variation for very small changes in frequency:

General Swing equation.png

This is driven by the transient mismatch between mechanical input power and electrical output power and the resulting response of the electromechanical system.


Project Definition[edit | edit source]

Conventional wisdom is that the generator will slip a pole if the system swings any further. However, recent field data has demonstrated that the some machines have been not done so and their excitation control has pulled them back to stability.

Background[edit | edit source]

A typical response for a stable swing would exhibit damped oscillations:

Snipaste 2019-11-05 19-45-59.png

Or if we plot power versus angle:

Snipaste 2019-11-05 19-46-19.png

If the system is loaded more heavily or the protection and control response is slower, the response is more severe, and the generator may near its transient stability limit:

Snipaste 2019-11-05 19-46-26.png

The angle swings almost to the stability limit

Snipaste 2019-11-05 19-46-35.png


Project Obejective[edit | edit source]

Building on the data acquisition system designed by a 2018-2019 senior design team design a test bed and test plan for testing generator performance during power swings, especially those near boundary of pole slipping

(1) Learn to use the present data acquisition system, and in light of the project needs propose, design and implement modifications as needed

(2) Develop, test and implement test procedure for safely operating the generator in the appropriate operating conditions.

(3) Integrate data from all measurement devices used in a time stamped and synchronized format for post processing

(4) Documentation.

Data Acqucisition System designed by 2018-2019 Senior Design Team[edit | edit source]

Snipaste 2019-11-05 20-00-48.png

Data_Acquisition_System_for_Synchronous_Generator_Transient_Performance


Hardware Devices[edit | edit source]

PVC Sheet[edit | edit source]

PVC's abrasion resistance, light weight, good mechanical strength and toughness are key technical advantages for its use in building and construction applications. PVC can be cut, shaped, welded and joined easily in a variety of styles. Its light weight reduces manual handling difficulties. PVC is non-toxic. It is a safe material and a socially valuable resource that has been used for more than half a century. It is also the world's most researched and thoroughly tested plastic. It meets all international standards for safety and health for both the products and applications for which it is used. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride

PVC.jpg

Electronic Wire[edit | edit source]

Electronic Wire.jpg

We choose 18AWG cable which fusing current is 81A.This value meets our experimental requirements. Here is the link of American wire gauge.

AWG.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_wire_gauge

Standard Banana Plug[edit | edit source]

Banana plug.png

We use the same brand banana plugs as those in the lab. Thus,it is more convenient when customers use or modify test beds.

https://www.pomonaelectronics.com/products/banana-plugs-jacks-and-hardware

Female Banana Plug[edit | edit source]

Female banana plug.png

We use female banana plug to attach the plug-in signal.

Terminal Strip[edit | edit source]

Terminal strip.jpg

The terminals easily can be re-used in the field, allowing for the replacement of wires or equipment, generally with standard hand tools. Screw terminals usually avoid the requirement for a specialized mating connector to be applied to the ends of wires.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_construction#Terminal_strip_construction

Brass Adapter[edit | edit source]

20200430163117.jpg

Thank Mr.Magine (ME Workshop) for helping us make this brass adapter. It solves the trouble caused by connecting PT, but its surface is not covered by insulators, and the safety is not very high.

Connectors[edit | edit source]

Fork Connectors[edit | edit source]

Fork.jpg

We use fork connectors to let hard device reach the terminal strip.

Allogator Clips[edit | edit source]

Ac1.jpg

We use alligator clips to replace the mini grabber. When it is connected to a shunt resistor, the hardware can better fit the panel of the test bed.


Testbed Design[edit | edit source]

Soliod Model[edit | edit source]

300PX

We use a cart as a base. We put testbed, DAQ, Monitor, Desktop and CT on this cart.

Circuit Design[edit | edit source]

Backdesign2.png

We hide all the cables behind the front panel. Circuits are shown in the picture. All hard devices are designed for easy removal and installation. Thus, there will be only female banana plug on the front panel.When we use this test bed, we just need to simply use a plug cable to connect the channels to the female banana plug on the panel.


Deliverables[edit | edit source]

20200429152705.jpg

20200429152353.jpg

20200429153323.jpg

20200429153621.jpg


Usability Test[edit | edit source]

We tested DC circuit and CT shunt resistances. (Details and data is in the file below)

DC Circuit[edit | edit source]

The DC power supply was connected between R_1 and R_3. Then, according to the testbed, a multimeter was connected to the corresponding channel interface on the front panel of the testbed to read the voltage across the resistor R_2. V_R2 represents the terminal voltage. The DC V/I circuit is connected to the DAQ device. Therefore, the DAQ device is limiting the range of the V/I circuit. The DAQ should not exceed 11V. So, we should set 10V is our max. Afterward, Wahab set a ratio to display the exact value of the terminal voltage of the synchronous machine, which is 21. We need to calculate the ratio by each test and get the average value of it. Conclusion: The value of the average ratio is 20.88 close to 21. This means the DC circuit part has the usability.

CT Shunt Resistances[edit | edit source]

The CT shunt resistance was paralleled with current transformer. Its power value does not allow us to test is with high current and high voltage. We simply use the law of resistance to measure the value, then compare the value shown by the power supply machine and the value displayed by the multimeter. Conclusion: The value of CT2 and CT3 has changed for unknown reasons. The ratio of voltage to current is an exponential function, not a proportional relationship. CT1 has usability.

File:Test report.pdf

Future Work[edit | edit source]

1) Test the usability of I_R3 and three PTs

2) Check the continuity of the wiring(soldering part)

3) Change the heat sink which more suitable for resistances

4) Integrate data from all measuring devices in timestamp and synchronized format for post-processing

Team Members[edit | edit source]

Shockwave-Zuhao Zhou.jpg Zuhao Zhou

Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: Jiangyin,China
Responsibility: Team Leader
Future Goals: Pursuing graduate school
Email: zhou3856@vandals.uidaho.edu


Snipaste 2019-12-13 15-17-18.png Quan Yan

Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: Zhen Jiang,China
Responsibility: Client contacter
Future goal: Pursuing electrical engineering workforce
Email: yan4537@vandals.uidaho.edu



Snipaste 2019-12-13 15-26-53.png Yutong Chen

Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: Yancheng,China
Responsibility: Budget Manager
Future Goals: Pursuing graduate school
Email: chen6312@vandals.uidaho.edu


Snipaste 2019-12-13 15-17-14.png Changyao Xu

Major: Electrical Engineering
Hometown: Suzhou,China
Responsibility: Document Manager
Future Goals: Pursuing electrical engineering workforce
Email: xu8259@vandals.uidaho.edu



Additional Documentation[edit | edit source]

Team Contract

File:Team Contract draft of project29--by Shockwave.pdf


Meeting Minutes

File:Fall weekly meeting record.pdf
File:Spring weekly meeting record.pdf

Presentations

File:Snapshot1.pdf
File:Snapshot2.pdf
File:Snapshot3.pdf
File:Design Review by Shockwave.pdf
File:Release review by Shockwave.pdf
File:Expo Presentation by Shockwave.pdf